{"id":5796,"date":"2023-09-22T11:48:15","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T09:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.die-verleugneten.de\/uncategorized\/kapo-and-saviour-remembering-willy-brachmann\/"},"modified":"2025-01-28T17:56:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T16:56:05","slug":"kapo-and-saviour-remembering-willy-brachmann","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.die-verleugneten.de\/en\/your-stories\/kapo-and-saviour-remembering-willy-brachmann\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapo and Saviour – Remembering Willy Brachmann"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dr. Anna H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 is a historian who teaches and works at the University of Warwick. She has been advocating for the remembrance and recognition of Willy Brachmann for many years. In June 2023, a Stolperstein (stumbling stone) was laid in his honour in Hamburg’s St. Pauli district. In her text, Anna H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 commemorates Willy Brachmann as a helper and protector in the concentration camp.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the omnipresence of violence and death, survivors of the Theresienstadt family camp in Auschwitz also remembered a prisoner functionary: Willy Brachmann. Many described Willy Brachmann, who wore a green triangle, as a helpful man. In September 1943, the SS<\/a> appointed him Kapo<\/a> in the family camp\u2014a section of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp where men, women, and children from Theresienstadt were imprisoned together, i.e., without prior selection. In March 1944, he became camp elder (\u00bbLager\u00e4ltester\u00ab).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this role, Brachmann brought food to a pregnant woman and shared stories about how he felt when his own wife was expecting their child. Franti\u0161ek Schnurmacher, a young farmer from South Bohemia, recalled in the 1980s that if he ever saw Brachmann on the street, he would invite him to his dacha without hesitation. Brachmann also protected the clandestine communist resistance group in the family camp. He brought food to the artist Dina Gottliebov\u00e1, and over time, the two developed a relationship. Gottliebov\u00e1 recounted how their initially physical connection evolved into a romantic one: she grew to admire and love Brachmann, even arranging for a prisoner dentist to make him a prosthesis. Additionally, Brachmann befriended a 12-year-old boy from Prague, M\u00ed\u0161a Gr\u00fcnwald, who became his messenger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Photo
Willy Brachmann was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp in August 1940.
Photo: The Archive of The State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau in O\u015bwi\u0119ci<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The SS closed the family camp in July 1944. After a brutal selection process, young and able-bodied prisoners were deported for forced labour, while the elderly, infirm, and children were murdered. Brachmann smuggled Gr\u00fcnwald past the SS doctors during the selection process. He also managed to save a young Jewish woman from Hamburg, Anita Landsberger. His altruistic acts placed his own life in grave danger. Today, M\u00ed\u0161a, now known as Frank Grunwald, lives in Indianapolis and continues to honour the Kapo who saved his life, campaigning for Brachmann\u2019s recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willy Brachmann was born in St. Pauli in 1903. During the First World War, while his father was drafted to the front, Willy became one of tens of thousands of adolescents who resorted to theft to support their starving families. His first prison sentence came in the summer of 1918, and his last in 1946. Brachmann became a house painter, married, and in 1927, had a daughter. The small family faced many difficulties: Willy\u2019s wife suffered from bone tuberculosis, and money was always scarce. To prevent his wife and daughter from freezing and to pay medical bills, Willy turned to stealing. He broke into cellars, taking heating materials and other items of little value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Willy Brachmann sought a fresh start and joined both the NSD<\/a>AP and the National Socialist People’s Welfare Organisation (NSV). However, his membership in the party was short-lived, he was expelled just a year later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1938, after completing another prison sentence, Brachmann was not released but was instead sent to a concentration camp as a \u00bbcareer criminal\u00ab. This was based on the 1934 “Law against Dangerous Habitual Criminals and on Measures of Security and Correction” (\u00bbGesetz gegen gef\u00e4hrliche Gewohnheitsverbrecher<\/a> und \u00fcber Ma\u00dfregeln der Sicherung und Besserung\u00ab), which rested on the socio-racist Nazi belief in an inherent predisposition to criminality. Brachmann was first interned in the Emsland camps, from where the SS transferred him to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1939. In August 1940, the Nazis deported him to Auschwitz concentration camp. There, he was assigned to work in the painting and road construction detachment. Brachmann was imprisoned twice in the infamous \u00bbbunker\u00ab (punishment block) for stealing supplies for his friends. Although he survived, he lost nearly all his teeth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the autumn of 1944, Brachmann was transferred to the Auschwitz subcamp in Gleiwitz. In January 1945, he was sent on a death march to the Gro\u00df Rosen concentration camp. Two months later, he managed to escape from a death transport and found his way to Hamburg, where he went into hiding until the liberation.\r\n\r\nAfter the war, Brachmann was arrested again for theft. In the 1960s, he fought for compensation for the suffering he endured in the concentration camps. However, his claims were denied, as compensation was not granted to those classified as \u00bbcareer criminals\u00ab.\r\n<\/p>\n

\n

Die SS (\u00bbSchutzstaffel\u00ab) unter der Leitung von Heinrich Himmler versteht sich als elit\u00e4rer Wehrverband des nationalsozialistischen Staates. Mit der \u00dcbernahme und dem Umbau der Polizei durch Himmler wird die SS zum zentralen Terrorinstrument des Regimes. 1934 erh\u00e4lt sie erh\u00e4lt die Kontrolle \u00fcber s\u00e4mtliche Konzentrationslager. Das 1939 gebildete Reichssicherheitshauptamt, die Planungszentrale f\u00fcr die Verbrechen im deutsch besetzten Europa, ist ihr zugeordnet.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\n

Der SD (Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsf\u00fchrers SS) wird 1931 durch den Reichsf\u00fchrer SS Heinrich Himmler zun\u00e4chst als Nachrichtendienst der SS (Schutzstaffel) gebildet und soll Informationen \u00fcber politische Gegner\/-innen und Oppositionsstr\u00f6mungen innerhalb der Nationalsozialisten sammeln. Ab 1934 wird der SD zum Nachrichtendienst der NSDAP. Er untersteht Reinhard Heydrich, der den SD 1939 im neugebildeten Reichssicherheitshauptamt mit der Sicherheitspolizei (Gestapo und Kripo) zusammenlegt.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\n

Als \u00bbGewohnheitsverbrecher\u00ab gelten seit den 1920er Jahren Personen, die wegen mehrerer Straftaten verurteilt sind. Bereits Ende 1933 nimmt die nationalsozialsozialistische Regierung diese Personengruppe mit einem eigenen Gesetz ins Visier. \u00bbGef\u00e4hrlichen Gewohnheitsverbrechern\u00ab spricht die nationalsozialistische Justiz ab, sich bessern zu k\u00f6nnen, weil sie Kriminalit\u00e4t f\u00fcr vererbbar h\u00e4lt. Gegen diese Menschen ordnen Richter unbefristete \u00bbSicherungsverwahrung\u00ab an. Sp\u00e4ter werden sie h\u00e4ufig auch als \u00bbBerufsverbrecher\u00ab bezeichnet.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\n

In den Konzentrationslagern ernennt die SS einige Gefangene zu sogenannten H\u00e4ftlingsvorarbeitern. F\u00fcr eine bessere Behandlung m\u00fcssen sie ihre Mith\u00e4ftlinge \u00fcberwachen und Anweisungen der SS durchsetzen. Diese beabsichtigte Umkehr von Opfer und T\u00e4ter f\u00fchrt zu Misstrauen und Spaltung unter den Gefangenen. In vielen Erinnerungsberichten beschreiben \u00dcberlebende die sogenannten Kap\u00ados oder Funktionsh\u00e4ftlinge als gewaltt\u00e4tig und grausam.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. Anna H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 is a historian who teaches and works at the University of Warwick. She has been advocating for the remembrance and recognition of Willy Brachmann for many years. In June 2023, a Stolperstein (stumbling stone) was laid in his honour in Hamburg’s St. Pauli district. In her text, Anna H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 commemorates Willy Brachmann […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4130,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"class_list":["post-5796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-your-stories"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKapo and Saviour - Remembering Willy Brachmann Your Stories<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.die-verleugneten.de\/en\/erinnern-gedenken-en\/kapo-and-saviour-remembering-willy-brachmann\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kapo and Saviour - Remembering Willy Brachmann Your Stories\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dr. Anna H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 is a historian who teaches and works at the University of Warwick. 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